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Medical Emergency Basics

By Phillip Dickson


Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a life saving method that is performed on anyone that has a stopped heart. Even people without training can do this life saving procedure. The heart of course pumps blood to the brain and other organs and once the heart stops pumping a person has only minutes left to live.

Do chest compressions at the rate of 100 per minute until professional medical help arrives. You must keep the blood flowing to vital organs. In many cases, the victim will have also stopped breathing and if you have the training do compressions for one minute and then clear the airway for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. If you do not have any training, just perform chest compressions and there may be someone nearby that has training, so recruit them to perform mouth-to-mouth.

The compressions should be 100 per minute until qualified medical help arrives. The victim may have stopped breathing but you must do the chest compression first for at least a minute, and if qualified clear the airway and begin mouth-to-mouth, which means you are forcing air into the victim's lungs, which will expand and contrast forcing oxygen into the blood stream for the brain and other organs. If you do not any training only do the chest compressions.

You may be presented with a stopped heart, no breathing and arterial blood flow. You should attempt to stop the bleeding quickly and then administer CPR. Arteries pulse or spurt bright red blood because the blood is coming from the heart and is under pressure. The victim has only minutes before they bleed to death. Apply direct pressure to the wound to staunch the flow and then wrap tightly with a pressure bandage and do not remove the bandage. It must be tighter than a typical wrapped bandage but if you completely restrict the blood flow, to the limb and tissue permanent damage will occur.

Another way to stop blood loss quickly if you must perform CRP is by using a tourniquet, which completely constricts the vessel stopping blood flow, but only use when necessary to save a life because it can cause permanent tissue damage. Apply the tourniquet 2 to 4 inches or 5 to 10 centimeters above the wound between the wound and the heart. Loosen for 1 to 2 minutes every 20 minutes to allow blood flow to the tissue, but if you are alone, and have applied one to yourself, do not loosen every 20 minutes.

Tie off the tourniquet 2 to 4 inches above the injury and between the heart and the wound. Leave for 20 minutes then loosen for up to two minutes and do this every 20 minutes. Repeat this until medical treatment is available. If you are the only survivor, leave in place and do not loosen. Tourniquets left in place to long will damage tissues, which can result in amputations. If you have to leave the victim with a tourniquet in place write the letter "T" on the forehead along with the time, you tied the tourniquet, so others know when to loosen.

Many victims will be in shock from the hearts' failure to pump enough blood to the organs. You must assume the victim is in shock and treat for it once the wounds have been treated and CPR performed. If the victim is awake lay, them on their back on a flat surface and raise their lower extremities 6 to 8 inches or roughly 15 to 20 centimeters. If unconscious lay on their side or stomach and make, sure their head is turned to prevent choking on bodily fluids.

You can save your life, the life of a loved one and even strangers using basic first aid techniques. It is recommended that you learn CPR and other first aid methods. However, do not let the lack of skill stop you from helping any injured person.




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